Genetics and Mood
Your DNA is the fundamental software for how your body creates proteins, enzymes, and chemicals such as neurotransmitters, as well as how all of these things are broken down. Some people experience depression because their genes code differently than other people, and they are unable to form the neurotransmitters needed; they form abnormal molecules which cause problems with mood; their genes require higher level of certain nutrients to carry out processes; or the genes may simply impair a person’s ability to break down certain chemicals efficiently. However, even though the DNA you are born with is permanent, there are ways to support your genes to improve their effect on your mood.
Usually when we discuss the genetic components of mood, we are referring to SNP’s (or Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) which are variations in the coding of a gene that create a slight change to how the end product is built, and therefore how efficiently or inefficiently it works.
What's Causing Your Depression?
When I say lifestyle, what I mean is the basic requirements of life—food, exercise, sleep, stress, and substance use. In short, it means the way you live—too much excitement or stress, too little sleep, forcing your body to deal with constant alcohol, tobacco, drugs, or poor diet. These contributors are the foundation of the chemistry of your body and mind, and will influence how your brain chemistry operates; and they may contribute to episodes of depression along the way if they are out of balance.
Most of us thrive when we keep our pace of life in the slow to medium range. Unfortunately the modern lifestyle doesn’t make this easy for us, because we are often saturated with responsibilities, work, tasks, information, commutes, and expectations to keep up with the pace of others. Depression can develop when dealing with difficult life situations, especially when the situation is long term.
Neurotransmitters are the main chemical messengers of mood, and they include "uppers", which lift your mood and stimulate excitement and activity, and "downers" which calm and relax. Neurotransmitter imbalances are pivotal treatment areas for mood disorders, and they can be tested and treated individually. Imbalances in neurotransmitters can result from many areas, included genetics, gut health issues, and hormone imbalances in the adrenals, thyroid, and sex hormones.
Depression can be a result of several different neurotransmitter imbalances, including serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. The two main branches of depression are serotonin dependent, which presents as a weepy, sad, melancholic 'blues' type of depression; and dopamine/norepinephrine dependent depression, which presents as a tired, lethargic, brain-fogged, and unmotivated type of depression.
Genetics and Mood Mini-Course
Did You Know?
A SNP involving COMT or MAO determines how quickly your body can break down epinephrine and norepinephrine (fight or flight chemicals), and whether or not your body maintains a higher level of these adrenaline compounds causing a highly anxious state.
MTHFR, one of the most famous SNPs, has a strong effect on mood due to buildup of a normal but inflammatory blood compounds which inflame the brain and neurological tissues.
Your genes also control histamine production, which is strongly associated with depression, anxiety, and obsessive compulsive disorders.
Some people produce abnormal kryptopyrroles, which scavenge and bind to certain nutrients that are critical for neurotransmitter formation.